Sunday, December 2, 2012

NZ Property Report ? November 2012 | Unconditional | What's really ...

The November 2012 NZ Property Report published by Realestate.co.nz provides an?insight into the state of the New Zealand property market as measured by the supply side of the property market over the month of October. The key measures of the market analysed in the report are the number of new listings, the asking price expectation for those new listings and the level of inventory of unsold houses on the market at this time. The report is compiled from data captured by the website and represents close to 97% of all property movements in the NZ market as managed by licensed real estate agents.

A full print version of the?NZ Property Report ? November 2012?is published below and is available for download (1.2MB) and distribution.

Summary of the market ? November 2012

Inventory hits 5 year low and adds growing pressure to the property market

The message coming from the property market is that buyers are out and about and are keen to get into the market. This eagerness to buy is matched by the availability of attractive mortgage packages, but is not being met with sufficient supply of new property listings, which is continuing to drive the current sellers market.

Inventory levels across the country remain low and the market remains a firms sellers market across 15 of NZ?s 19 regions. Overall stocks of unsold homes fell to a 5 year low of 28.7 weeks of inventory (long term average = 39 weeks). Auckland was again the most affected by low inventory levels, with stocks of unsold homes falling to a new low of 15.5 weeks of inventory, well below the long term average of 31 weeks.

The REINZ Residential Market Statistics reports strong property sales with 6,640 properties sold in October, up 33% on a year ago, and yet listing flow is not matching with just a 1.5% year on year growth. This is why the inventory supply of the property on the market (as measured by rate of sale) has fallen 29% in the past year.

This confidence on the part of sellers is certainly supported by the rate of sale of property which is being shared by real estate agents in their daily contact with the public, and can also be seen in traffic to Realestate.co.nz which has seen an increase this year of 40%, with over 1,400,000 monthly visitor sessions across all sites (Google Analytics).

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Asking Price

The seasonally adjusted truncated mean asking price for listings steadied, rising just 0.2% to high of $446,277 in November.

The trend (as seen in the chart opposite) very clearly shows an accelerating growth in asking price over the recent 12 months (as compared to 2010/11) and shows continued strength in seller expectations.

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New Listings

The level of new listings coming onto the market in November continued to increase, with 13,571 listings in the month ? up from 12,688 in October (7% increase). However listings were only slightly up by 1.5% on November last year.

On a 12 month moving total basis the number of new listings that have come onto the market in the last year totals 132,493, as compared to 124,940 in the prior 12-month period, this represents a rise of 6%.

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Inventory

The level of unsold houses on the market at the end of November (45,228) was up, when compared to October (43,410). The inventory as measured in terms of equivalent weeks of sales fell to a 5 year low last month to 28.7 weeks last month. This fall was witnessed across 15 of the 19 regions.

With the rising rate of property sales, the inventory on the market has seen a significant drop over the last 12 months pushing it well below the long-term average of 39 weeks of equivalent sales.

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Regional Summary ? Asking price expectations

The national (seasonally adjusted) truncated mean asking price expectation among sellers rose just 0.2% in November to a new high of $446,277.

In the main centers, Auckland, Wellington, and Christchurch all reported a fall in the asking price in November. Auckland fell 2.5% to $596,759, Wellington fell 4.2% to $431,259 and Canterbury fell 2% to $405,913.

In total 10 regions reported asking price increases, and 5 regions saw rises greater than 5%. The most significant rises were seen in the Central North Island, Northland, Manawatu/Wanganui and Southland with Central North Island showing the largest increases, up 6.9% to $369,390. Of the 9 regions witnessing asking price falls on a seasonally adjusted basis there was 3 that reported a falls of greater than 5% with Gisborne falling by 14.4% to $250,866, Hawkes Bay falling by 10.3% to $321,454 and Wairarapa falling 7.3% to $254,194

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Regional Summary ? Listings

Overall new listings increased on a national basis, as seen in the adjacent chart however across the regions there were slightly more regions showing increases than falls.

There were 11 regions reporting year-on-year rises, with significant increases (over 20%) seen in just 2 regions, the largest increases were in Gisborne (25%), and Otago (20%).

7 regions reported lower new listings than November last year with the Central North Island being the region to report the highest fall off of 35.8% when compared to November 2011, Followed by Northland who saw a fall of 21%

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Regional Summary ? Inventory

The inventory of unsold homes on the market tightened significantly in March ? Falling to a new low of 28.7 weeks off equivalent sales from 33 weeks (on a seasonally adjusted basis).

Four regions (Southland, West Coast, Coromandel, and Wairarapa) showed increases in inventory of homes on the market taking them above their respective long-term average. In addition one other region (Manawatu / Wanganui) sits close to it?s respective long term average.

Market sentiment now favours sellers in 14 regions, with the greatest strain being felt in the 8 regions which are marked in dark blue, which includes the main metro areas of Auckland, Wellington, and Canterbury which remain under pressure from low listings as measured against sales activity.

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Lifestyle

New lifestyle property listings fell across the country in November, dropping 4.9% when compared to October. A total of 1,066 listings came onto the market, showing a fall of 5.9% when compared to November last year. The truncated mean asking price for these listings was down by 1.5% as compared to the recent 3-month average to an asking price of $654,519 (up 13.9% when compared to October 2011). New record high asking prices were seen in 2 regions in New Zealand (Waikato ? $675,581, and Central Otago/Lakes ? $1,596,071).

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Apartments

New listings for apartments in November down 9.5% on a year on year basis, with 484 being brought to the market. The truncated mean asking price of new apartment listings fell 1% to $394,282 in November from $398,121 in October, but was still up 6.4% on a year on year basis.

The Auckland apartment market had 304 new listings coming onto the market, down 13.1% when compared to November last year. The truncated mean asking price of new listings in Auckland rose again to $386,818 (November) from $382,303 (October) representing a 2.2% increase on the prior 3 months.

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For Media Enquiries, please contact:?Paul McKenzie, Realestate.co.nz | +64 21 618 537

Notes:

Truncated mean

The monthly asking price for new listings presented in this report utilises the measure of ?truncated mean?. This measure is judged to be a more accurate measure of the market price than average price as it statistically removes the extremes that exist within any property market that can so easily introduce a skew to traditional average price figures.

The truncated mean used in this report removes the upper 10% and the lower 10% of listings in each data set. An average or mean of the balance of listings is then calculated.

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Methodology

With the largest database of properties for sale in NZ from licensed real estate agents, realestate.co.nz is uniquely placed to immediately identify any changes in the marketplace. The realestate.co.nz NZ Property Report is compiled from new listings coming onto the market from the more than 1,000 licensed real estate offices across NZ, representing more than 96% of all offices.

With an average monthly level of over 10,000 new listings, the realestate.co.nz NZ Property Report provides the largest monthly sample report on the residential property market, as well as a more timely view of the property market than any other property report. The data is collated and analysed at the close of each month, and the Report is compiled for the 1st day of the following month. This provides a feedback mechanism as to the immediate state of the market, well in advance of sales statistics, which by the very nature of the selling process can reflect activity with a lag of between 2 and 4 months.

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Seasonally adjustment

The core data for the NZ Property Report is seasonally adjusted to better represent the core underlying trend of the property market in NZ. In preparing this seasonally adjusted data Realestate.co.nz is grateful for the assistance of the?New Zealand Institute of Economic Research (NZIER)?who use an X12 ARIMA methodology to calculate seasonally adjusted data.

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Background to Realestate.co.nz

Realestate.co.nz is the official website company of the real estate industry of New Zealand, it is an industry owned web business providing online marketing services to the real estate industry. The shareholders in the business comprise the REINZ (50%) and five of the largest real estate companies (50%).

The business operates a portfolio of websites all focused to specialist sectors of the real estate market:

Realestate.co.nz?is the heart of the business and is focused to the residential property market. It features the most comprehensive selection of property for sale and rent across NZ. The website attracts a significant monthly audience of over 475,000 unique browsers, with over 115,000 of those visiting from countries outside of NZ.

In addition Realestate.co.nz receives over 25% of all traffic to property listings from mobile devices, including their iPhone and Android applications. To date these applications have been downloaded by over 122,000 users making the app the most popular property app in NZ.

nzFarms?is a specialist website presenting the most comprehensive selection of farms and agricultural businesses on the market across NZ. At this time it features around 5,000 listings for all types of farms and agricultural land as well as over 11,000 lifestyle properties.

Prime Commercial?is a specialist website presenting the most comprehensive selection of commercial property for purchase or lease on the market across NZ. At this time it features over 27,000 listings for all types of properties ? retail, commercial, industrial and investment properties.

Prime Business?is a specialist website presenting the most comprehensive selection of businesses for sale on the market across NZ. At this time it features over 4,300 listings for all types of businesses ? retail, tourism, wholesale as well as franchise opportunities.

The web business of Realestate.co.nz site is the most comprehensive real estate web operation in NZ, currently hosting over 110,000 listings, covering this portfolio of residential property for sale and rent, commercial property for sale and lease, rural properties and farms, as well as businesses for sale. With a subscriber base of over 1,000 offices, the company represents over 97% of all listings from licensed real estate agents in NZ.

The full NZ Property Report for October 2012 can be downloaded?here?(1.2MB pdf document).?Additionally the raw data is accessible here as an?Excel spreadsheet?enabling anyone to analyse the raw data and establish any trends or observations.

Usage rights are governed under attribution to the source of the data being Realestate.co.nz. The next NZ Property Report for December 2012 will be published on this website on Wednesday 2nd January 2013 at 11am.

Source: http://unconditional.co.nz/blog/nz-property-report-november-2012/

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A Few Inexpensive Techniques To Make Your Mobile Mobile Phone ...

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Source: http://delmasalas.typepad.com/blog/2012/11/a-few-inexpensive-techniques-to-make-your-mobile-mobile-phone-appearance-like-new.html

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Source: http://stakeholder-father.blogspot.com/2012/11/a-few-inexpensive-techniques-to-make.html

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Source: http://dustinvaughan.typepad.com/blog/2012/12/a-few-inexpensive-techniques-to-make-your-mobile-mobile-phone.html

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Margaret Paul, Ph.D.: Do You Feel Full Inside or ... - Huffington Post

In my work with clients, when I ask them how they are feeling, the answer is often, "I don't know." When I then ask, "Are you feeling empty or full inside?" the answer is frequently, "Empty."

The Cause of Inner Emptiness

Most people who feel empty have no idea what is supposed to be in that empty space. They try to fill it externally with food, drugs, alcohol, sex, pornography, approval, connection with others, computer games, spending, gambling, a new car, a new boat, a new computer or iPad or other toys. They feel a momentary feeling of fullness and then the emptiness returns. They might believe they are empty because they don't have a relationship, or their relationship isn't loving or connected, or they don't have enough sex or enough money or enough things. Perhaps they believe that having another child will do it for them, or getting a bigger house or having more friends or a new job. They often believe that if only someone really loved them, then they would feel full inside.

I've worked with people who have everything they believed would fill them up and they still feel empty. They seek my help because they are suffering and they don't know what to do about it.

Inner emptiness does not come from a lack of something external -- not even a lack of being loved by someone else. It comes from a lack of one thing only: a lack of awareness of the love that is the energy we live in. You can call this love God or spirit or light or whatever else you want. The fact is, we live in a universe of love, and unless you know how to open yourself to that love -- to feel it within your heart and soul -- you will feel empty inside. Once you know how to embrace the love within, then you not only feel full inside, but you know that you are not alone in the universe -- that love is always here for you. And once you experience yourself full to overflowing with love, you will have love to share with others. You no longer need to try so hard to get love from others. You are no longer empty and needy for something external to fill your emptiness and make you feel okay.

The Secret to Filling Yourself With Love

The love that fills us is always available to each of us -- if we know how to access it.

Love automatically flows through an open heart. The heart is like a doorway to the universe -- when it is open, love flows into and through us.

The secret to having an open heart and being filled up with love lies with your intent.

When your intent is to avoid your painful feelings with various addictions, and to protect against rejection or engulfment, and to have control over getting approval or sex or money or other things, your heart closes down. The intent to protect/avoid/control automatically closes the heart. Love cannot be felt with a closed heart.

When you choose the intent to learn about loving yourself, the heart automatically opens. When you want responsibility for defining your own worth, for creating your own sense of safety, and for taking loving action in your own behalf, the heart opens and the energy of love that is spirit flows freely, replacing the empty feeling with the fullness of love.

When you are willing to stop abandoning yourself with various addictions and instead open to learning about loving yourself, you will begin to feel the fullness of love within your heart and soul. This is when, instead of always trying to get love or turning to the love-substitutes of different addictions, you have love to share with others. The more you share love from the fullness of your heart, the fuller you feel. This is why we are often told to give to others as a way of feeling fulfilled. Giving to others is deeply fulfilling when we are loving ourselves and filling ourselves with love, and then sharing our love and fullness with others -- with no need to get anything back because we are already filled to the brim with love. Giving with an agenda of getting attention or approval does just the opposite, closing the heart and leading to feelings of emptiness.

You will continue to feel empty as long as you continue to abandon yourself physically, emotionally and spiritually. When you decide it's time to take responsibility for yourself and learn to open your heart to love, you will no longer feel empty within.

Margaret Paul, Ph.D. is a relationship expert, best-selling author, and co-creator of the powerful Inner Bonding? self-healing process, recommended by actress Lindsay Wagner and singer Alanis Morissette, and featured on Oprah. To begin learning how to love and connect with yourself so that you can connect with others, take advantage of our free Inner Bonding eCourse, receive Free Help, and take our 12-Week eCourse, "The Intimate Relationship Toolbox" - the first two weeks are free!

Connect with Margaret on Facebook: Inner Bonding, and Facebook: SelfQuest.

For more by Margaret Paul, Ph.D., click here.

For more on love, click here.

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Follow Margaret Paul, Ph.D. on Twitter: www.twitter.com/innerbonding

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Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/margaret-paul-phd/healthy-relationships_b_2212399.html

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Saturday, December 1, 2012

Minn. police officer fatally shot in 'ambush'

In this photo provided by the Stearns County Sheriff is Larson Ryan, 34, of Cold Spring, Minn. Ryan was arrested at the scene of a shooting Thursday, Nov. 29, 2012 in Cold Spring, Minn., where police officer Tom Decker died in what authorities are calling an ambush killing. The county prosecutor is reviewing the case for charges. (AP Photo/Stearns County Sheriff)

In this photo provided by the Stearns County Sheriff is Larson Ryan, 34, of Cold Spring, Minn. Ryan was arrested at the scene of a shooting Thursday, Nov. 29, 2012 in Cold Spring, Minn., where police officer Tom Decker died in what authorities are calling an ambush killing. The county prosecutor is reviewing the case for charges. (AP Photo/Stearns County Sheriff)

This photo provided by the Minnesota Department of Public Safety shows Cold Spring, Minn., police officer Tom Decker who was shot twice and died Thursday, Nov. 29, 2012 in what authorities are calling an ambush killing. Officials says Decker was responding to a call from a concerned family member about a man in Cold Spring, Minn., who might be suicidal. Thirty-four-year-old Ryan Michael Larson of Cold Spring was arrested at the scene and prosecutors are reviewing the case for charges. (AP Photo/Stearns County Sheriff)

Crime scene tape crosses Main Street between Third Avenue South and Fifth Avenue South early Friday, Nov. 30, 2012, in Cold Spring, Minn., after a Cold Spring police officer was fatally shot while conducting a routine check near a bar. (AP Photo/The St. Cloud Times, Eric Stromgren) NO SALES

An officer with a gun stops a vehicle from entering downtown Cold Spring, Minn., early Friday, Nov. 30, 2012, at a gas station on the corner of Red River Avenue and Minnesota Highway 23, after a Cold Spring police officer was fatally shot while conducting a routine check near a bar. (AP Photo/The St. Cloud Times, Eric Stromgren) NO SALES

A Stearns County Sheriff's deputy stands at a perimeter at the corner of Main Street and Third Avenue in Cold Spring, Minn., early Friday, Nov. 30, 2012, after a Cold Spring police officer was fatally shot while conducting a routine check near a bar. (AP Photo/The St. Cloud Times, Eric Stromgren) NO SALES

COLD SPRING, Minn. (AP) ? Even for those who didn't know him, the fatal ambush of a local police officer aroused tears Friday for residents of the small central Minnesota community where he was killed while trying to help a man believed to be suicidal.

Officer Tom Decker, a six-year veteran and father of four, had gone to check on a man's welfare when he was shot after getting out of his squad car near a downtown bar in Cold Springs on Thursday night. He died at the scene.

Investigators said Friday that the shooting was still being investigated, but that Decker was shot multiple times. The man who was reported to be suicidal was taken into custody.

"He was a policeman trying to help someone. He was called there to help and he went there and was shot doing his job," Donna Knaus, a manager at Cold Spring Bakery not far from the crime scene. "It's horrible."

Knaus and many other residents of Cold Spring, a city of about 4,000 residents about 75 miles northwest of Minneapolis, became teary-eyed when asked about Decker. The officer grew up on a farm south of town, and after graduating from college, worked at several small Minnesota police departments before coming home for what he called his dream job.

Many people, including the mayor, said they were reminded of another local tragedy: a school shooting in 2003, when a student killed two others.

"It's another blow for us, and a lot of people woke up this morning in shock, and we're still in shock," Cold Spring Mayor Doug Schmitz said. "We're a strong community. We just bind together here. It's going to be a tough few days and weeks to come, but we'll make it."

The man taken into custody, 34-year-old Ryan Michael Larson of Cold Spring, was being held Friday on suspicion of second-degree murder. The county attorney's office was considering criminal charges.

Larson's relatives either couldn't be reached or declined comment Friday to The Associated Press. One said she wasn't sure whether Larson had an attorney.

Stearns County Sheriff John Sanner said his department got a call around 9 p.m. Thursday reportedly from Larson's family, saying he might be suicidal. Cold Spring police went to his home once and couldn't raise anyone, then returned almost two hours later.

It was during the second trip that Decker was shot. He was wearing a bulletproof vest.

"It's apparent to us the officer was ambushed at the scene," said Drew Evans, assistant superintendent of the state Bureau of Criminal Apprehension.

Investigators wouldn't elaborate on why they believe the shooting was an ambush, saying only that the circumstances surrounding the shooting were still being investigated.

Residents, meanwhile, were focused on the officer's family. One woman who said she didn't know the officer left a flower bouquet for his family at City Hall, where a heart-shaped balloon and candle were also left. And a banner made at a local church was filled with dozens of colorful handprints cut out of construction paper and read: "We thank all of you for your service to our community."

Looking at the banner, the mayor was moved to tears. "It's tough," he whisped.

Blocks surrounding the crime scene were cordoned off with police tape, and officers ? some using dogs, others searching rooftops ? canvassed the area on Friday.

Several guns were found, according to the Bureau of Criminal Apprehension, but the agency was searching for additional guns or weapons that may be related to Decker's death.

Brian Moen, who lives about a block from the bar, said officers who came to his door told him they were looking for a sawed-off shotgun.

Cold Springs Police Chief Phil Jones called Decker was the "department jokester" on a force with only eight full-time officers. Decker served as the department's instructor on firearms and use of force.

"Not only did I have no problems with him, but he was the type of officer who accumulated six letters of appreciation and commendation in six years with us," Jones said.

Decker leaves behind a wife and four children from a previous marriage ? two daughters ages 8 and 7, and two sons ages 6 and 5.

Joe Decker, his younger brother, told The Associated Press that Tom Decker loved to travel and be outdoors. Joe Decker said his brother was shy and reserved as a youngster but became outgoing and gregarious as an adult.

"He was one of those people who'd be the life of the party," Joe Decker said.

Police attention had been drawn before to Larson, a machine tool student at St. Cloud Technical and Community College, though mostly for traffic-related offenses but once in an abuse case.

In 2009, he reached a plea agreement to settle a misdemeanor disorderly conduct charge for engaging in behavior that could "arouse alarm, anger, or resentment in others." As part of the plea deal, he served a day in jail and agreed to undergo domestic abuse counseling. A no-contact order was issued. Court files indicated he violated his probation in 2010.

Condolences for Decker came from fellow police officers in other Minnesota departments and from elected officials, including Gov. Mark Dayton.

"On behalf of the people of Minnesota, I extend my deepest sympathies to his family and to the Cold Springs Police Department for their tragic loss of an outstanding officer, father and friend," the governor said.

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Associated Press writers Brian Bakst in St. Paul, Minn., and Dinesh Ramde in Milwaukee contributed to this report.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/386c25518f464186bf7a2ac026580ce7/Article_2012-11-30-Minnesota%20Officer%20Killed/id-efaea27b688a4b34adb8fa4533af0721

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New patient-friendly way to make stem cells for fight against heart disease

ScienceDaily (Nov. 29, 2012) ? Scientists have discovered a patient-friendly and efficient way to make stem cells out of blood, increasing the hope that scientists could one day use stem cells made from patients' own cells to treat cardiovascular disease. Their research was published November 30 in the journal Stem Cells: Translational Medicine.

The study, funded by the British Heart Foundation (BHF), Medical Research Council (MRC) and Wellcome Trust, outlines a way for scientists to get the cells they need to make induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells (3) from a routine blood sample. Previously scientists have struggled to find an appropriate type of cell in the blood that can be turned into a stem cell, and often make iPS cells from skin or other tissues, which can require a surgical procedure, like a biopsy.

Dr Amer Rana and his colleagues at the University of Cambridge grew patients' blood in the lab and isolated what are known as 'late outgrowth endothelial progenitor cells' (L-EPCs) to turn into iPS cells. The iPS cells can then be turned into any other cell in the body, including blood vessel cells or heart cells -- using different cocktails of chemicals. Scientists use these cells to study disease, and ultimately hope to grow them into tissue to repair the damage caused by heart and circulatory diseases.

Dr Amer Rana, of the University of Cambridge, said of the research: "We are excited to have developed a practical and efficient method to create stem cells from a cell type found in blood. Tissue biopsies are undesirable -- particularly for children and the elderly -- whereas taking blood samples is routine for all patients.

"Researchers can freeze and store the blood cells, and then turn them into iPS cells at a later stage, rather than having to transform them as soon as they are sourced, as is the case for other cell types used previously. This will have tremendous practical value -- prolonging the 'use by date' of patient samples."

Shannon Amoils, Research Advisor at the BHF, said: "iPS cells offer great potential -- both for the study and potentially the future treatment of cardiovascular diseases. As iPS cells are made from the patient's own tissue, they can be used to study diseases and hopefully one day to repair damaged tissue without being attacked by the body's immune system.

"Being able to efficiently produce iPS cells using cells from a blood sample will make it easier for researchers to push this technology forward. But there are still many hurdles to overcome before this kind of technique could be used to treat patients."

Dr Paul Colville-Nash, regenerative medicine Programme Manager at the MRC, said: "iPS cell technology offers an exciting new approach to building lab-based models of disease, which can be used to understand illness and test new drugs, as well as the possibility for cell replacement therapy in the longer term. Being able to produce iPS cells from an easy to obtain source such as blood should further support the rapid progress being made in this field and enhance the application of this technology to the fight against human disease."

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of Cambridge. The original story is licensed under a Creative Commons license.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. Imbisaat Geti, Mark L. Ormiston, Foad Rouhani, Mark Toshner, Mehregan Movassagh, Jennifer Nichols, William Mansfield, Mark Southwood, Allan Bradley, Amer Ahmed Rana, Ludovic Vallier, Nicholas W. Morrell. A Practical and Efficient Cellular Substrate for the Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Adults: Blood-Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Trans Med, November 29, 2012 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2012-0093

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/Pl76K0JR3b4/121129232652.htm

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Even brown dwarfs may grow rocky planets

Even brown dwarfs may grow rocky planets [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 30-Nov-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Douglas Pierce-Price
dpiercep@eso.org
49-893-200-6759
ESO

ALMA sizes up grains of cosmic dust around failed star

Rocky planets are thought to form through the random collision and sticking together of what are initially microscopic particles in the disc of material around a star. These tiny grains, known as cosmic dust, are similar to very fine soot or sand. However, in the outer regions around a brown dwarf -- a star-like object, but one too small to shine brightly like a star -- astronomers expected that grains could not grow because the discs were too sparse, and particles would be moving too fast to stick together after colliding. Also, prevailing theories say that any grains that manage to form should move quickly towards the central brown dwarf, disappearing from the outer parts of the disc where they could be detected.

"We were completely surprised to find millimetre-sized grains in this thin little disc," said Luca Ricci of the California Institute of Technology, USA, who led a team of astronomers based in the United States, Europe and Chile. "Solid grains of that size shouldn't be able to form in the cold outer regions of a disc around a brown dwarf, but it appears that they do. We can't be sure if a whole rocky planet could develop there, or already has, but we're seeing the first steps, so we're going to have to change our assumptions about conditions required for solids to grow," he said.

ALMA's increased resolution compared to previous telescopes also allowed the team to pinpoint carbon monoxide gas around the brown dwarf -- the first time that cold molecular gas has been detected in such a disc. This discovery, and that of the millimetre-size grains, suggest that the disc is much more similar to the ones around young stars than previously expected.

Ricci and his colleagues made their finding using the partially completed ALMA telescope in the high-altitude Chilean desert. ALMA is a growing collection of high precision, dish-shaped antennas that work together as one large telescope to observe the Universe with groundbreaking detail and sensitivity. ALMA "sees" the Universe in millimetre-wavelength light, which is invisible to human eyes. Construction of ALMA is scheduled to finish in 2013, but astronomers began observing with a partial array of ALMA dishes in 2011.

The astronomers pointed ALMA at the young brown dwarf ISO-Oph 102, also known as Rho-Oph 102, in the Rho Ophiuchi star-forming region in the constellation of Ophiuchus (The Serpent Bearer). With about 60 times the mass of Jupiter but only 0.06 times that of the Sun, the brown dwarf has too little mass to ignite the thermonuclear reactions by which ordinary stars shine. However, it emits heat released by its slow gravitational contraction and shines with a reddish colour, albeit much less brightly than a star.

ALMA collected light with wavelengths around a millimetre, emitted by disc material warmed by the brown dwarf. The grains in the disc do not emit much radiation at wavelengths longer than their own size, so a characteristic drop-off in the brightness can be measured at longer wavelengths. ALMA is an ideal instrument for measuring this drop-off and thus for sizing up the grains. The astronomers compared the brightness of the disc at wavelengths of 0.89 mm and 3.2 mm. The drop-off in brightness from 0.89 mm to 3.2 mm was not as steep as expected, showing that at least some of the grains are a millimetre or more in size.

"ALMA is a powerful new tool for solving mysteries of planetary system formation," commented Leonardo Testi from ESO, a member of the research team. "Trying this with previous generation telescopes would have needed almost a month of observing -- impossibly long in practice. But, using just a quarter of ALMA's final complement of antennas, we were able to do it in less than one hour!" he said.

In the near future, the completed ALMA telescope will be powerful enough to make detailed images of the discs around Rho-Oph 102 and other objects. Ricci explained, "We will soon be able to not only detect the presence of small particles in discs, but to map how they are spread across the circumstellar disc and how they interact with the gas that we've also detected in the disc. This will help us better understand how planets come to be."

###

More information

This research is presented in a paper in the Astrophysical Journal Letters.

Ricci and Testi worked with Antonella Natta of the INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico de Arcetri, Aleks Scholz of the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, and Itziar de Gregorio-Monsalvo of the Joint ALMA Observatory.

ALMA, an international astronomy facility, is a partnership of Europe, North America and East Asia in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. ALMA construction and operations are led on behalf of Europe by ESO, on behalf of North America by the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), and on behalf of East Asia by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ). The Joint ALMA Observatory (JAO) provides the unified leadership and management of the construction, commissioning and operation of ALMA.

The year 2012 marks the 50th anniversary of the founding of the European Southern Observatory (ESO). ESO is the foremost intergovernmental astronomy organisation in Europe and the world's most productive ground-based astronomical observatory by far. It is supported by 15 countries: Austria, Belgium, Brazil, the Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Finland, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. ESO carries out an ambitious programme focused on the design, construction and operation of powerful ground-based observing facilities enabling astronomers to make important scientific discoveries. ESO also plays a leading role in promoting and organising cooperation in astronomical research. ESO operates three unique world-class observing sites in Chile: La Silla, Paranal and Chajnantor. At Paranal, ESO operates the Very Large Telescope, the world's most advanced visible-light astronomical observatory and two survey telescopes. VISTA works in the infrared and is the world's largest survey telescope and the VLT Survey Telescope is the largest telescope designed to exclusively survey the skies in visible light. ESO is the European partner of a revolutionary astronomical telescope ALMA, the largest astronomical project in existence. ESO is currently planning the 39-metre European Extremely Large optical/near-infrared Telescope, the E-ELT, which will become "the world's biggest eye on the sky".

Links

Contacts

Luca Ricci
California Institute of Technology
Tel: +1 626 395 2460
Email: lricci@astro.caltech.edu

Leonardo Testi
ESO
Garching, Germany
Tel: +49 89 3200 6541
Email: ltesti@eso.org

Douglas Pierce-Price
ESO Public Information Officer
Garching bei Mnchen, Germany
Tel: +49 89 3200 6759
Email: dpiercep@eso.org

John Stoke
National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO)
Charlottesville, VA, USA
Tel: +1 434 244 6816
Email: jstoke@nrao.edu


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Even brown dwarfs may grow rocky planets [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 30-Nov-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Douglas Pierce-Price
dpiercep@eso.org
49-893-200-6759
ESO

ALMA sizes up grains of cosmic dust around failed star

Rocky planets are thought to form through the random collision and sticking together of what are initially microscopic particles in the disc of material around a star. These tiny grains, known as cosmic dust, are similar to very fine soot or sand. However, in the outer regions around a brown dwarf -- a star-like object, but one too small to shine brightly like a star -- astronomers expected that grains could not grow because the discs were too sparse, and particles would be moving too fast to stick together after colliding. Also, prevailing theories say that any grains that manage to form should move quickly towards the central brown dwarf, disappearing from the outer parts of the disc where they could be detected.

"We were completely surprised to find millimetre-sized grains in this thin little disc," said Luca Ricci of the California Institute of Technology, USA, who led a team of astronomers based in the United States, Europe and Chile. "Solid grains of that size shouldn't be able to form in the cold outer regions of a disc around a brown dwarf, but it appears that they do. We can't be sure if a whole rocky planet could develop there, or already has, but we're seeing the first steps, so we're going to have to change our assumptions about conditions required for solids to grow," he said.

ALMA's increased resolution compared to previous telescopes also allowed the team to pinpoint carbon monoxide gas around the brown dwarf -- the first time that cold molecular gas has been detected in such a disc. This discovery, and that of the millimetre-size grains, suggest that the disc is much more similar to the ones around young stars than previously expected.

Ricci and his colleagues made their finding using the partially completed ALMA telescope in the high-altitude Chilean desert. ALMA is a growing collection of high precision, dish-shaped antennas that work together as one large telescope to observe the Universe with groundbreaking detail and sensitivity. ALMA "sees" the Universe in millimetre-wavelength light, which is invisible to human eyes. Construction of ALMA is scheduled to finish in 2013, but astronomers began observing with a partial array of ALMA dishes in 2011.

The astronomers pointed ALMA at the young brown dwarf ISO-Oph 102, also known as Rho-Oph 102, in the Rho Ophiuchi star-forming region in the constellation of Ophiuchus (The Serpent Bearer). With about 60 times the mass of Jupiter but only 0.06 times that of the Sun, the brown dwarf has too little mass to ignite the thermonuclear reactions by which ordinary stars shine. However, it emits heat released by its slow gravitational contraction and shines with a reddish colour, albeit much less brightly than a star.

ALMA collected light with wavelengths around a millimetre, emitted by disc material warmed by the brown dwarf. The grains in the disc do not emit much radiation at wavelengths longer than their own size, so a characteristic drop-off in the brightness can be measured at longer wavelengths. ALMA is an ideal instrument for measuring this drop-off and thus for sizing up the grains. The astronomers compared the brightness of the disc at wavelengths of 0.89 mm and 3.2 mm. The drop-off in brightness from 0.89 mm to 3.2 mm was not as steep as expected, showing that at least some of the grains are a millimetre or more in size.

"ALMA is a powerful new tool for solving mysteries of planetary system formation," commented Leonardo Testi from ESO, a member of the research team. "Trying this with previous generation telescopes would have needed almost a month of observing -- impossibly long in practice. But, using just a quarter of ALMA's final complement of antennas, we were able to do it in less than one hour!" he said.

In the near future, the completed ALMA telescope will be powerful enough to make detailed images of the discs around Rho-Oph 102 and other objects. Ricci explained, "We will soon be able to not only detect the presence of small particles in discs, but to map how they are spread across the circumstellar disc and how they interact with the gas that we've also detected in the disc. This will help us better understand how planets come to be."

###

More information

This research is presented in a paper in the Astrophysical Journal Letters.

Ricci and Testi worked with Antonella Natta of the INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico de Arcetri, Aleks Scholz of the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, and Itziar de Gregorio-Monsalvo of the Joint ALMA Observatory.

ALMA, an international astronomy facility, is a partnership of Europe, North America and East Asia in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. ALMA construction and operations are led on behalf of Europe by ESO, on behalf of North America by the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), and on behalf of East Asia by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ). The Joint ALMA Observatory (JAO) provides the unified leadership and management of the construction, commissioning and operation of ALMA.

The year 2012 marks the 50th anniversary of the founding of the European Southern Observatory (ESO). ESO is the foremost intergovernmental astronomy organisation in Europe and the world's most productive ground-based astronomical observatory by far. It is supported by 15 countries: Austria, Belgium, Brazil, the Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Finland, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. ESO carries out an ambitious programme focused on the design, construction and operation of powerful ground-based observing facilities enabling astronomers to make important scientific discoveries. ESO also plays a leading role in promoting and organising cooperation in astronomical research. ESO operates three unique world-class observing sites in Chile: La Silla, Paranal and Chajnantor. At Paranal, ESO operates the Very Large Telescope, the world's most advanced visible-light astronomical observatory and two survey telescopes. VISTA works in the infrared and is the world's largest survey telescope and the VLT Survey Telescope is the largest telescope designed to exclusively survey the skies in visible light. ESO is the European partner of a revolutionary astronomical telescope ALMA, the largest astronomical project in existence. ESO is currently planning the 39-metre European Extremely Large optical/near-infrared Telescope, the E-ELT, which will become "the world's biggest eye on the sky".

Links

Contacts

Luca Ricci
California Institute of Technology
Tel: +1 626 395 2460
Email: lricci@astro.caltech.edu

Leonardo Testi
ESO
Garching, Germany
Tel: +49 89 3200 6541
Email: ltesti@eso.org

Douglas Pierce-Price
ESO Public Information Officer
Garching bei Mnchen, Germany
Tel: +49 89 3200 6759
Email: dpiercep@eso.org

John Stoke
National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO)
Charlottesville, VA, USA
Tel: +1 434 244 6816
Email: jstoke@nrao.edu


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-11/e-ebd112912.php

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Mobile Marketing Strategies for Small Businesses

Mobile Marketing is an important aspect of your small business marketing, especially if you want to be up to date with the way the world?s evolving. Although most marketing campaigns take mobiles into account, they don?t consider its strategy or its compatibility with the goals of the campaign. Instead they usually just focus on technical aspects and techniques (for example bar codes or SMS campaigns). But in a world where more than 99% of some countries? employer firms (like for example those in the US) are small businesses, being left behind literally means dying. The thing is that in the United States today more businesses close down than open, and that?s a fact, so being on the right track is certainly the only right path to follow.

mob strat

But what?s the best mobile marketing strategy to follow?

In first place your business has to comprehend how the message will be consumed. People have different capabilities, time and attention spam depending on whether they?re at home or at work, and how the customer or consumer to be consumes the message creates a different brand experience. This means that a consumer will feel differently about your brand if he or she finds a bar code in a magazine or in a placard in a store, so you should exploit this difference of context to your business? benefit.

Bear in mind that if you?re trying to get people to visit your website then it should be mobile-optimized, and also bear in mind that it?s much better to have a website that?s optimized for mobile than just a business? app because consumers don?t use all of their apps due to mobile application fatigue.

Also remeber that mobile marketing efforts should have defined analytics built into them, and an important part of your business? campaign has to be defining what data your able to collect and what can be learnt from it (a certain ad?s number of views or number of impressions is practically useless if considered on its own). Other aspects to bear in mind are age and gender of those viewing your ads as well as where they came accross it (for example which magazine they scanned the QR code from) and at what time. All of this is obviously enough information for you to consider in order to reach your potential consumers because it allows for you to offer customizable services and nothing?s better than that for any kind of business (big or small).

Another thing you can do is to give your customers in-store oportunities, meaning that you give them incentives to return to your store by sending them coupons (to be received via app or SMS once they?ve entered the store and checked in) for them to take advantage of. This is explained further in our post called Make Small Businesses Grow with Mobile Coupons. Click here to read about it.

Finally, remember that mobile marketing isn?t mobile advertising, but much more, it?s engaging in a relationship with your consumer. It?s learning to know him or her better and on the whole it?s the best way to boost your business.

Source: http://www.onbile.com/info/mobile-marketing-strategies-for-small-businesses/

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